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Biology, Bio Chemistry, Chemistry

Laying out the information until I’m finished with it 

A source for my creativity

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Using UV reactive material as a base for writing mythology. Getting down to the molecules themselves.

Rhodamine - Pink and Red

structure is the xanthene ring system modified to be an oxazine ring, creating the basis for the fluorescence of all rhodamine dyes

Rhodamine B: Characterized by two diethylamino groups and a carboxyphenyl group

Rhodamine 6G: Features a different substitution pattern on the xanthene core

Rhodamine molecules have an extensive system of conjugated double bonds and aromatic rings (a chromophore). This structure is capable of absorbing photons from UV light, which excites electrons to a higher energy state

Energy dissipation (Fluorescence): The excited electrons are unstable and quickly return to their lower energy ground state. As they do, they release the absorbed energy in the form of photons of a longer wavelength (lower energy). This emitted light falls within the visible spectrum, making the rhodamine "glow" a vibrant color when under a black light or other UV source

Fluorescein - green and yellow

Tricyclic xanthene core: Fluorescein is built around a three-ring xanthene structure

Equilibrium between forms: It exists in equilibrium with a closed-ring lactone form and an open-ring quinonoid form

Absorption: When UV light hits fluorescein, the energy is absorbed, causing electrons in the fluorescein molecules to jump to a higher, "excited" energy level

Vibrational relaxation: Before returning to its original state, the molecule loses a small amount of energy as heat through molecular vibrations

Emission: The electrons then fall back to their original, "ground" state, releasing the remaining energy as a photon of light. This emitted light has a longer wavelength (and is thus visible) than the UV light that was initially absorbed

Coumarin - Blue and green 

benzopyrone, a molecule formed by a benzene ring fused with an unsaturated lactone ring

Benzopyrone: a fused ring system made of a benzene ring and a six-membered heterocycle 

An alpha-pyrone ring

The unsaturated lactone ring has an ester group within the ring 

Electron-donating: added at the 7-position for the brightest reaction

Electron-withdrawing: adding these to the 3 or 4 position can shift the emission wavelength 

Combining both strategies facilitates intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)